The Jammu and Kashmir government has closed or merged more than 1,700 schools since 2019 as part of a large-scale rationalisation drive triggered by declining student enrolment across the Union Territory.

According to official data shared in the Legislative Assembly, 3,192 government schools currently have very low enrolment, with some reporting fewer than 10 students — and in certain cases, none at all. The figures highlight a growing imbalance in the education sector, where institutions continue to operate despite a sharp drop in student numbers.

Widening gap between teachers and students

The data reveals that thousands of teachers remain posted in these low-enrolment schools, raising concerns over resource utilisation. In many cases, schools with minimal student presence still have multiple teaching staff, pointing to inefficiencies in deployment and planning.

Officials say the rationalisation process — which includes merging nearby schools or shutting down non-functional ones — is aimed at improving the teacher-student ratio and ensuring better academic outcomes.

Jammu division most affected

The majority of closures and mergers have taken place in the Jammu division, which accounts for a significant share of low-enrolment schools. Several districts have reported a high number of such institutions, reflecting demographic changes, migration patterns, and shifting parental preferences.

In contrast, the Kashmir division also reports a substantial number of affected schools, though at a relatively lower scale compared to Jammu.

Changing preferences and migration trends

Experts point to multiple factors behind the declining enrolment in government schools. Increasing preference for private education, better infrastructure in urban areas, and migration from rural regions have all contributed to shrinking student numbers in public institutions.

In remote areas, however, the closure of schools raises concerns about accessibility, as students may now be required to travel longer distances to attend classes.

High expenditure, low returns?

Despite the falling enrolment, the government continues to incur significant expenditure on salaries and maintenance. The situation has sparked debate over whether public funds are being efficiently utilised, especially in schools with little or no student presence.

Concerns over infrastructure

Adding to the challenge, many schools reportedly lack basic facilities such as proper classrooms, sanitation, drinking water, and playgrounds. These gaps may further discourage enrolment, particularly among younger students.

Balancing reform with access

The government maintains that the rationalisation policy is part of broader education reforms aimed at improving quality and optimising resources. However, the move has also raised concerns about the long-term impact on rural education and equitable access.

As Jammu and Kashmir continues to restructure its education system, the challenge remains to strike a balance between efficiency and accessibility — ensuring that no child is left behind due to distance or lack of infrastructure.